Analysis of factors influencing the low educational level of the rural population in Garut Regency
Keywords:
educational attainment, rural education, educational access, Garut RegencyAbstract
The low level of educational attainment among rural communities remains a significant challenge in human resource development and educational equity in Indonesia. Various economic, socio-cultural, geographical, educational quality, and policy-related factors are believed to contribute to this issue. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the low level of education among rural communities in Garut Regency. The research employed a quantitative approach using a survey method and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The study involved 220 respondents from rural areas across Garut Regency selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires, observations, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that economic, socio-cultural, geographical, educational quality, and government policy factors contribute to the low level of educational attainment among rural communities. Factor analysis identified four major factor groups, with geographical conditions and school quality emerging as the most dominant factor, reflected by an eigenvalue of 4.032 and a loading factor of 0.828. Inadequate educational infrastructure, long distances to schools, limited transportation access, and disparities in educational quality were found to be major barriers to educational participation. In addition, household economic conditions and socio-cultural perspectives toward education significantly affect educational continuity. The findings suggest that the low level of education among rural communities is the result of the interaction of multiple interconnected factors. Therefore, integrated efforts are needed through improving educational access, enhancing school quality, strengthening community economic support, and increasing public awareness of the importance of education to promote sustainable social development.
References
Abd Rahman, B. P., Munandar, S. A., Fitriani, A., Karlina, Y., & Yumriani, Y. (2022). Pengertian pendidikan, ilmu pendidikan dan unsur-unsur pendidikan. Al-Urwatul Wutsqa: Kajian Pendidikan Islam, 2(1), 1–8.
Abduh, M., Basiru, A. A., Narayana, M. W., Safitri, N., & Fauzi, R. (2022). Potret Pendidikan di Daerah Terpencil Kampung Manceri Cigudeg Kabupaten Bogor. Jurnal Citizenship Virtues, 2(1), 291–300.
Akbar, R. A., Fauzan, M., Arsyad, A. A. J., & Barki, K. (2023). Implementasi pendekatan community empowerment untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat melalui pembangunan ekonomi berbasis potensi daerah. Journal of Scientech Research and Development, 5(1), 65–76.
Al-Emran, M. (2023). Beyond technology acceptance: Development and evaluation of technology-environmental, economic, and social sustainability theory. Technology in Society, 75, 102383.
Azkiyah, S. R., Aryola, G., & Lukitoaji, B. D. (2025). Isu kesenjangan pendidikan di daerah terpencil: Solusi untuk mewujudkan pendidikan yang merata. Sosiola Pedagogi: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan, Sosial, Dan Humaniora, 1(1).
Chaudary, S., Zafar, S., & Tang, T. L.-P. (2024). Investors’ financial aspirations excite investment decisions: current income, future inheritance expectations, and short-term and long-term decisions—The Matthew Effect in Pakistan’s emerging markets. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 19(5), 1306–1334.
Desianti, L. C., & Ismaya, B. (2026). Program Pendidikan Nonformal Bagi Anak Putus Sekolah Di Wilayah Pedesaan Cianjur. SABAJAYA Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 4(03), 129–140.
Edo, A., & Yasin, M. (2024). Dampak kesenjangan akses pendidikan dan faktor ekonomi keluarga terhadap mobilitas sosial. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan & Sosial (SINOVA), 2(3), 317–326.
Faisal-Cury, A., Ziebold, C., de Oliveira Rodrigues, D. M., & Matijasevich, A. (2022). Depression underdiagnosis: prevalence and associated factors. A population-based study. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 151, 157–165.
Fitriani, S., Dana, T. R., Sari, P., Putri, T. N., & Sa’diyah, H. (2025). Kepribadian Kolektif: Kebudayaan Membentuk Pola Berpikir dan Perilaku dalam Masyarakat. Journal of Education and Culture, 5(2), 1–7.
Ghozali, I. (2016). Aplikasi analisis multivariete dengan program IBM SPSS 23.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2013). Multivariate Data Analysis. Pearson Education Limited. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=VvXZnQEACAAJ
Hidayat, H., Syafrina, M., Gusdi, W., Putra, F. R., Yetti, Y., Mandasari, P. Y., & Sufani, S. (2025). Transformasi kebijakan pengelolaan pendidikan dasar, perkembangan, hambatan, dan implementasi di era modern. Didaktik: Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang, 11(04), 112–123.
Indriasari, R., Sidiq, F. F., & Mendrofa, D. E. K. (2024). Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter Sebagai Wujud Pendidikan Berkualitas Dalam Upaya Mencapai Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (SDGs). Jurnal Wahana Bina Pemerintahan, 6(2), 96–103.
Jayadi, U., Harahap, A., & Aslan, A. (2023). Educational landscape in Indonesia in 2023: Challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Education and Digital Learning (IJEDL), 2(2), 49–58.
Jiang, L., Chen, J., Tian, Y., & Luo, J. (2022). Spatial pattern and influencing factors of basic education resources in rural areas around metropolises—A case study of Wuhan City’s New Urban districts. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 11(11), 576.
Juita, R., & Simanungkalit, A. A. (2025). Pendidikan sebagai Kunci Menghadapi Perubahan Sosial di Masa Kini. Didaktik: Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang, 11(04), 431–440.
Kumar, H. (2024). Education And Social Change: The Role of School Inshaping Societal Values. Multidisciplinary Aspects of Education.
Majola, E., Jordaan, C., & Powell, L. (2024). Vocational education and graduate struggles in the Eastern Cape, South Africa: A Freirean approach. Education as Change, 28(1), 1–23.
Maskhuroh, I. F., & Hasib, M. (2025). Faktor Penyebab Rendahnya Kesadaran Masyarakat Terhadap Pendidikan di Desa Mulyosari Kecamatan Pagerwojo Kabupaten Tulungagung. Journal of Knowledge and Collaboration, 2(7), 726–736.
Maxwell, L. E. (2025). The role of the physical environment in education. In Environmental psychology and human well-being (pp. 147–179). Elsevier.
Nugroho, N. A. P. (2026). Pembangunan Lingkungan Belajar Nonformal untuk Anak Tidak Sekolah di Desa Sukomakmur melalui Kegiatan Kreatif dan Edukatif. Dedikasi Nusantara: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 2(1), 179–187.
Pratama, F. I., Ulfa, M., & Harjanti, D. T. (2026). Faktor Penyebab Angka Putus Sekolah Di Desa Merarai Satu Kecamatan Sungai Tebelian Kabupaten Sintang. SELAMI IPS, 19(1), 236–241.
Rahminawati, N. (2023). Strategi Peningkatan Harapan Lama Sekolah (Hls) Dan Rata-Rata Lama Sekolah (Rls). Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 12(2), 367–382. https://doi.org/10.29313/tjpi.v12i2.12852
Satria, D., Kusasih, I. H., & Gusmaneli, G. (2025). Analisis rendahnya kualitas pendidikan di Indonesia saat ini: Suatu kajian literatur. Jurnal Bintang Pendidikan Indonesia, 3(2), 292–309.
Sidauruk, J. M., Susilowati, M., & Akbar, K. K. (2025). Indonesia’s Struggle with Education Inequality: Is Reform the Answer? Indonesia Discourse, 2(1), 59–84.
Sugiyono, S. (2011). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Wahid, W., Nawir, F., & Farhan, A. (2024). Kualitas sumber daya manusia sebagai aspek fundamental dalam menunjang perekonomian. Journal of Economics Research and Policy Studies, 4(2), 330–341.
Yani, P. I. (2025). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi anak berhenti sekolah di tingkat MTs/SMP di Desa Tabuyung Kecamatan Muara Batang Gadis Kabupaten Mandailing Natal. UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan.
Yusuf, M., & Ondeng, S. (2025). Pergeseran nilai dalam kehidupan sosial budaya dan pendidikan. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Keguruan, 3(8), 752–765.
Zalli, E. (2024). Globalization and education: exploring the exchange of ideas, values, and traditions in promoting cultural understanding and global citizenship. Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development, 11(1 S1), 55.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Usep Saepurahman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Penulis yang menerbitkan artikel di Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial dan Peradaban (JPSP) mempertahankan sepenuhnya hak cipta atas artikelnya tanpa pembatasan, dan memberikan kepada JPSP hak penerbitan pertama. Artikel diterbitkan di bawah lisensi Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0), yang membolehkan pihak lain menyalin, menyebarluaskan, mengubah, dan mengembangkan artikel untuk keperluan apa pun, dengan syarat mencantumkan nama penulis dan sumber terbitan aslinya serta membagikan karya turunan di bawah lisensi yang sama. Penulis diperkenankan menyimpan dan menyebarluaskan versi pracetak, versi naskah diterima, maupun versi terbit artikelnya di repositori institusi, laman pribadi, atau jejaring akademik lain tanpa masa embargo, dengan menyertakan tautan ke versi resmi di laman JPSP.
